The Importance Of Genetic Uses For Type 2 Diabetes

There is extensive and consistent data that shows genetic factors play an important role in predisposing an individual for type 2 diabetes, of which now 70 or more genetic variants have been associated (Ali,2013) from GWAS studies yet type-2-diabetes genetic risk has limited genes of major effect. Thus, the search for genes contributing to the risk of T2D has been difficult, and the genes themselves have been elusive. A range of genome-wide association scans for type 2 diabetes have been published which show hundreds of thousands of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across the genome which have been assayed in samples from populations of almost entirely European ancestry, and novel genes such as TCF7L2, SLC30A8, IDE-KIF 11-HHEX,†¦show more content†¦99.9% of the bases in the human genome are remarkably similar; it is the remaining 0.1% of the bases that make an individual unique (Huang, Shu and Cai, 2015). Among this 0.1% of bases, more than 90% are SNPs (FS. Collins, L D Brooks and A.Chakravarti, 1998). Barbujani et al. (1997) estimated that 85% of SNPs are common to all human populations and that only 15% of SNPs are population specific. Huang, Shu and Cai, (2015) found that SNPs could contribute to many different characteristics, including skin colour, eye colour and the risk of diseases among different populations. Many ethnic minorities in Europe have a higher type 2 diabetes prevalence than their host European populations. The risk size varies among ethnic groups, but the degree of differences in the various ethnic minority groups as of yet is not systematically quantified (Meeks et al.2015). Meeks et al. (2015) carried out a meta-analysis of published data on T2D in different ethnic minority populations resident in Europe in comparison to their host European populations. In this study the ethnic minorities were classified into five populations by geographical origin: South Asian (SA), Sub-Saharan African (SSA), Middle Eastern and North America (MENA), South and Central American (SCA), and Western Pacific (WP). Compared with host populations, SA origin populations had the highest odds for T2D,Show MoreRelatedDiabetes : Diabetes And Digestive And Kidney Diseases882 Words   |  4 PagesDiabetes mellitus has risen to epidemic proportions in the United States, from 1980 through 2011, the number of adults with diabetes has increased immensely from 5.5 million to 19.6 million (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], n.d.). Diabetes global prevalence research by Wild, Roglic, Green, Sicree, and King (2004) predicted that, the total number of people with diabetes will rise from 171 million in 2000 to 366 million in 2030. 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