The Importance Of Genetic Uses For Type 2 Diabetes

There is extensive and consistent data that shows genetic factors play an important role in predisposing an individual for type 2 diabetes, of which now 70 or more genetic variants have been associated (Ali,2013) from GWAS studies yet type-2-diabetes genetic risk has limited genes of major effect. Thus, the search for genes contributing to the risk of T2D has been difficult, and the genes themselves have been elusive. A range of genome-wide association scans for type 2 diabetes have been published which show hundreds of thousands of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across the genome which have been assayed in samples from populations of almost entirely European ancestry, and novel genes such as TCF7L2, SLC30A8, IDE-KIF 11-HHEX,†¦show more content†¦99.9% of the bases in the human genome are remarkably similar; it is the remaining 0.1% of the bases that make an individual unique (Huang, Shu and Cai, 2015). Among this 0.1% of bases, more than 90% are SNPs (FS. Collins, L D Brooks and A.Chakravarti, 1998). Barbujani et al. (1997) estimated that 85% of SNPs are common to all human populations and that only 15% of SNPs are population specific. Huang, Shu and Cai, (2015) found that SNPs could contribute to many different characteristics, including skin colour, eye colour and the risk of diseases among different populations. Many ethnic minorities in Europe have a higher type 2 diabetes prevalence than their host European populations. The risk size varies among ethnic groups, but the degree of differences in the various ethnic minority groups as of yet is not systematically quantified (Meeks et al.2015). Meeks et al. (2015) carried out a meta-analysis of published data on T2D in different ethnic minority populations resident in Europe in comparison to their host European populations. In this study the ethnic minorities were classified into five populations by geographical origin: South Asian (SA), Sub-Saharan African (SSA), Middle Eastern and North America (MENA), South and Central American (SCA), and Western Pacific (WP). Compared with host populations, SA origin populations had the highest odds for T2D,Show MoreRelatedDiabetes : Diabetes And Digestive And Kidney Diseases882 Words   |  4 PagesDiabetes mellitus has risen to epidemic proportions in the United States, from 1980 through 2011, the number of adults with diabetes has increased immensely from 5.5 million to 19.6 million (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], n.d.). Diabetes global prevalence research by Wild, Roglic, Green, Sicree, and King (2004) predicted that, the total number of people with diabetes will rise from 171 million in 2000 to 366 million in 2030. Diabetes has many causative factors that encompass geneticRead MoreDiabetes Mellitus As A Chronic Disorder Essay1448 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction What is Diabetes? Some will know and only a few will ask. Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disorder. It has 3 different kinds, Type 1, Type 2 and Gestational diabetes. â€Å"The cause of diabetes is not known, but genetic, autoimmune, viral, environmental, and socioeconomic factors have all been implicated in the development of the disease† (Sawyer, pg 324). Some signs and symptoms of this disease include excessive thirst and appetite, increased urination, weight loss, fatigue, nausea and evenRead MoreDiabetes As A Western Disease1489 Words   |  6 Pagesreactions and energy we obtain from food we eat. While some food may make us active and full of energy, some may make us sluggish and lazy. Diabetes has been around for decades, as the increase in assortment of food and different varieties have become assessable to individuals globally, we have been dealt with a larger problem than many predicated. Diabetes started as a western disease has made its way to being a global probl em with many organizations leading the fight to find ways to reduce theRead More Diabetes Mellitus Essay1538 Words   |  7 Pages Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic condition which afflicts millions of people around the world. It is related to the insulin hormone, which is secreted by cells in the pancreas, regulates the level of glucose in the bloodstream and supports the body with breaking down the glucose to be used as energy. In someone who has diabetes, the body doesn’t produce enough insulin or cells don’t respond to the insulin that is produced. There are three main types of diabetes, type 1, type 2, and gestationalRead MoreDiabetes : A Important For A Public Health Issue Essay1545 Words   |  7 PagesFrom a historical standpoint, diabetes was not always considered to be a public health issue. As with many of our modern disease, there was little known about the mechanism of diabetes when it was first discovered. The Greek physician Aretaeus first coin ed the term â€Å"diabetes mellitus† to refer to the sweet taste of urine that diabetics were noted to have and it wasn’t actually until 1776 when scientists measured the glucose content in a diabetic’s urine and found it to be elevated (Polonsky, 2012)Read MoreThere Are Two Types Of Diabetes That Occur Not Due To Pregnancy:1711 Words   |  7 PagesThere are two types of diabetes that occur not due to pregnancy: Type 1 and Type 2. Type 1, also known as â€Å"insulin dependent† and â€Å"juvenile† diabetes occurs because of a genetic hiccup in which the pancreas’ beta cells can’t properly create and distribute insulin, causing the individual to have to take injections. The second type of diabetes, Type 2, occurs when the body can’t make enough insulin for adequate function of the body, albeit from age or weight. In this type of diabetes insulin injectionsRead MoreDiabetes Mellitus : An Autoimmune Disease1238 Words   |  5 P ages Diabetes or as doctors would refer by as diabetes mellitus, is a group of metabolic diseases in which a person has a high blood glucose level (above 110 mg/dL) because insulin production is inadequate, the body’s cells do not respond properly to insulin or even both. Diabetes mellitus is also a contributing factor of development of cardiovascular disease, hypertension, renal failure, blindness, and stroke as individuals’ age. There are 3 different types of diabetes mellitus, type 1diabetes mellitusRead MoreDiabetes Mellitus : An Autoimmune Disease1261 Words   |  6 PagesDiabetes or as doctors would refer by as diabetes mellitus, is a group of metabolic diseases in which a person has a high blood glucose level above 110 mg/dL because insulin production is inadequate, the body’s cells do not respond properly to insulin or even both. Diabetes mellitus is also a contributing factor of development of cardiovascular disease, hypertension, renal failure, blindness, and stroke as individuals’ age. There are 3 different types of diabetes mellitus, type 1diabetes mellitusRead MoreObesity : Obesity And Obesity1413 Words   |  6 Pagesmore than 1.5 billion people that are overweight worldwide (2). There are more than 280 million people around the world that have been diagnosed with diabetes, resulting in at least 1 in 20 adults (2,8). Currently, diabetes is ranked as the seventh overall cause of death in the United States (9). In 2010, on 69,071 death certificates in the United States, diabetes was listed as the underlying cause, and in 234,051 death certificates, diabetes was mentioned as a cause of death (6). The Centers for DiseaseRead MoreJuvenile Diabetes1364 Words   |  6 PagesJuvenile mellitus diabetes is a commonly a type 1 diabetes. This form of diabetes is a condition with a disordered metabolism. It is exhibited in high glucose levels due to lack of or insufficiency of insulin secretion in the pancreas organ. It happens in such a way that when a juvenile eats f ood it is broken down into glucose. The sugar has propensity of exceeding bloodstream into certain body cells using a hormone known as the insulin. This hormone is manufactured in the pancreas. Usually the

Information System Proposal - 1028 Words

Information Systems Proposal BIS 220 September 18, 2012 Information Systems Proposal Table of Contents Introduction1 Types of organizational systems for Joe’s Record Store2 Transaction Processing System3 Management Information System4 Executive Dashboard5 Decision Support System6 Office Automation System†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.7 Advantages of Information Systems†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦8 Disadvantages of Information Systems†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.9 Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..10 Organizational information systems are important for businesses. Joe’s record store needs organizational systems to be†¦show more content†¦* Businesses can access, understand, and respond to information quickly and effectively (â€Å"Advantages and Disadvantages of Information Systems,† 1999). * Businesses have various ways to change and present information. * Businesses have the capability to change date into useful information. This helps the business to be successful and for problem solving. Disadvantages of Information Systems * Businesses may find information systems may not always work properly because the system breaks down (â€Å"Advantages and Disadvantages of Information Systems,† 1999). * Businesses may have information systems that deliver the wrong information that may cause customer dissatisfaction. * Businesses may be vulnerable to hackers and fraud. Conclusion Information systems will provide Joe’s record store management and personnel with up-to-date information about the company’s performance. This will include current inventory and sales information usually on the company’s computer network. The major benefit for the business is the ability to capture, transmit, store, and retrieve information for businessShow MoreRelatedInformation Systems Proposal Essay955 Words   |  4 PagesRunning head: INFORMATION SYSTEMS PROPOSAL Information Systems Proposal BIS/220 January 26, 2012 Information Systems Proposal The De-Vinyl Record Store Prepared for Co-partner The De-Vinyl Record Store Prepared by Co-partner The De-Vinyl Record Store Proposal Number: CB01-12 Table of Contents Read MoreEssay on Information Systems Proposal897 Words   |  4 PagesInformation Systems Proposal Paper Lorelei Arroyo-Alba BIS220 Introduction to Computer Application and Systems November 14, 2011 Joseph Lewis Aguirre Integrating certain information systems within a business organization will not only prove for a faster more efficient workplace but will also improve the bottom line for company growth. Even though there are numerous information systems that can be implemented and utilized to improve the growth and expansion of the company, there are fiveRead MoreInformation Systems Proposal Paper1332 Words   |  6 PagesInformation Systems Proposal Katherine Pratt BIS/220 November 27, 2012 Stephen Allen PhD Table of Contents Information Systems Proposal 3 Functional Area Information System 3 Disadvantages and Advantages 3 Analysis 4 Transaction Processing System 4 Disadvantages and Advantages 4 Analysis 4 Office Automation System 4 Disadvantages and Advantages 5 Analysis 5 Management Information System 5 Disadvantages and Advantages 5 Analysis 5 Electronic Commerce System 6 DisadvantagesRead MoreAccounting Information System -Resource Proposal2007 Words   |  9 PagesExecutive Summary The report is about the resource proposal which is aimed at improving the current poor situation in the company and increasing the efficiency of the staff. Our capital expenditure budget for the cost is about 316500 yuan. With the money, we need to upgrade the ergonomic equipment to make the staff more comfortable and work efficiently. Besides that, we need to upgrade the hardware, software and build network systems. These resources can not only help the staff to work moreRead MoreBis 220 Week 2 Information Systems Proposal Essay example1124 Words   |  5 PagesWeek 2 – Information Systems Proposal Take Me Back When Record Store A Business Proposal to Establish A New Nostalgic Music Store Prepared for Shelli Smith Potential Business Partner and Co-Owner Prepared by Cindy Johnson Entrepreneur October 11, 2012 Proposal Number: CJ20-01 Table of Contents Background 4 Objective 4 Goals 4 Proposed Inventory 5 Information Systems Table 6 Read MoreInformation System Proposal1206 Words   |  5 PagesInformation Systems Proposal BIS/220 Computer Information Systems Table of Contents Introduction 3 Understanding the market challenges 3 Internal operations and External operations 3 Information Technology Comparison chart 4 Technology and Information systems benefits and drawbacks 4 Bullets of successful strategy 5 References 6 Thriving as a small business in a competitive market calls for manyRead MoreInformation System Proposal3153 Words   |  13 PagesTitle: A detailed report on a proposal for an Information System that will streamline the account set up process for new Key Accounts in an Online Payment Company called PayPal 1. The Introduction The following report details a proposal for setting up a new Information System for an online payment company called PayPal. The new system will enable business customers to upload requested documentation online when applying for their accounts, and because everything will be uploaded in a centralisedRead MoreInformation System Proposal3143 Words   |  13 PagesTitle: A detailed report on a proposal for an Information System that will streamline the account set up process for new Key Accounts in an Online Payment Company called PayPal 1. The Introduction The following report details a proposal for setting up a new Information System for an online payment company called PayPal. The new system will enable business customers to upload requested documentation online when applying for their accounts, and because everything will be uploaded in a centralisedRead MoreInformation System Proposal887 Words   |  4 Pagesovercoming several challenges. Currently, the existing internet and connectivity of the organization will not support a robust EHR program. However, provisions are available that will allow the information systems department to develop and purchase a detailed needs list for each unit. The information systems department developers will sweep the facility and determine the most undeveloped areas of connectivity and work to increase coverage in these areas as quickly as feasible with a completion dateRead MoreRiordan Manufacturing: Information System Proposal1140 Words   |  5 PagesManufacturing: Information System ProposalThe service request sR-rm-004 to analyze the human resource system from John Korzeniowski was received on May 14, 2008. The IT team will examine the current information system and the possible design and development of an integrated, robust application in accordance with Riordans vision, mission, time-frame and strategic growth plan. AnalysisIn order to design and development an integrated state-of-the art human resources information system, the initial step

Market Overview Of The Debt Of Singapore †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Market Overview Of The Debt Of Singapore? Answer: Introduction This report has been prepared in order to get a clear idea of the operations of the debt market in Singapore in the present time period. Among the global economic decline, it has been observed that there has been a drop in the debt issuance globally by 13% in the year 2015. This fall has been higher in the Asian countries where the percentage has been around 43% for local currency issuance and the G3 issuance fell by 13% (Room 2017). Yet the Asian bonds have seen a growth as an asset class, which has been a significant result. Even though the long-term financial problem of Asia has not changed as there have been the existent of positive economic prospects emerging middle class and urbanisation, but sloth growth of the economy will not only diminish the entry of new debt firms to increase growth but would even have an impact on the ability of the companies to refinance their current existent debt (Agarwal and Qian 2014). The debt market of Singapore has even faced the problems that have been discussed as various issues have been raised with respect to the oil and gas sector with respect to their financial difficulties. This paper will therefore analyse the debt market of Singapore so that a clear idea about the debt market can be understood. Analysis of the Debt Market Corporate Debt Market In the year 2015, the new corporate debt issuance became sluggish to SGD 174 billion as the economic viewpoint for the developing economies diluted and the course for the monetary policies in the developed economies became more uncertain. By not bearing the lower new issuance amount, the total outstanding debt has a rise by 2% every year to reach SGD 315 billion due to a certain amount of maturing issues. The outstanding SGD debt had reached SGD 140 billion while the non-SGD debt was valued at SGD 175 billion (Room 2017). The financial companies that have been rated well sustained to play a significant role in the expansion and the development of the debt capital market of Singapore. For example, the Korea Development Bank had collected more than SGD 450 billion during the year in Dollars and in SGD and three local banks of Singapore issued SGD 12 billion altogether. The debt market looks to have improved in the year 2016. During the first six months the corporate debt issuance amount had a rise by 12% with respect to the similar period in 2015. There have been various new development opportunities like the covered bonds and green bonds that can add up to higher diversity to the offering of the product in the market of Singapore (Kalotychou, Remolona and Wu 2014). Issuers and Issuances Being an international hub for fixed income, the foreign and the local issuers can raise the non-SGD and the SGD investment in Singapore. The non-SGD corporate debt of issuance has been found to be 85% of the overall debt issuance in the year 2015, which has underscored strong international features of the corporate debt market of Singapore. The market of SGD corporate debt sustained to attract a diversified range of financial issuers in the year 2015. The finance companies consist of 30% of the issuance amount, which was 19% in the previous year (Room 2017). The various other classes of issuers include government agencies, property corporate, non-corporate components etc. The local issuers have still remained the important players in the Singapore market. The Land Transport Authority has been found to be the largest non-financial company of issuer and has gathered overall SGD 2.5 billion in 2015. The debt market of Singapore has still been an attractive area for the issuances in the foreign currencies. The Non-SGD debt issuance has been around 85% of the overall debt issuance, which has been lower than the previous year. The availability of a firm worldwide base of investors that consists of the insurance and bank companies and fund managers have assisted the requirement for non-SGD denominated debt (Jiang, Phillips and Yu 2015). The re-issuances have continued to be the significant driver for the volume of issuance that contributes to over 90% of the overall volume in the year 2015. The earlier success of issuance has motivated many corporate firms to issue the same in the debt market of Singapore again. With reference to the sluggishness in the corporate debt market, the number of maiden and repeated issuers has decreased in the year 2015. On an aggregate point of view, the overall number of issues who were tapping the market in 2015 have been greater than the average over the last four years, which reveals that the sustainable significance of the corporate debt market in allocating the need of funding of the local organizations (Amiraslani et al. 2017). In order to make the issuance more colourful and attractive, the Asian issuers in order to increase the international capital in Singapore have disclosed that they would introduce Asian Bond Grant scheme in 2017. This scheme has the plan of expanding the base of the issuers in the bond market of Singapore, which would lead to addition of diversity and breadth of the debt instruments for the investment society (Farooq, Ahmed and Saleem 2015). There have been a larger extent of investors who hail from various investment profiles have been associated in the debt market and each one of them have contributed significantly that have led to the development of the corporate debt market of Singapore. Conclusion The analysis of the debt market of Singapore has revealed that the market has been developing significantly from the previous year and the international issuers have shown greater interest in investing in the debt market. Even thought the worldwide debt market has become sluggish during the present time period, the debt market of Singapore has been moving ahead with respect to the global market. The intermediaries and the infrastructure has a crucial role to play as an effective infrastructure would attract the investors in the Singapore market. It is anticipated that the Singapore market would improve the coming years as well. Reference List Agarwal, S. and Qian, W., 2014. Consumption and debt response to unanticipated income shocks: Evidence from a natural experiment in singapore.The American Economic Review,104(12), pp.4205-4230. Amiraslani, H., Lins, K.V., Servaes, H. and Tamayo, A., 2017. A Matter of Trust? The Bond Market Benefits of Corporate Social Capital during the Financial Crisis. Farooq, S., Ahmed, S. and Saleem, K., 2015. Overinvestment, Growth Opportunities and Firm Performance: Evidence from Singapore stock market.Corporate Ownership Control, p.454. Jiang, L., Phillips, P.C. and Yu, J., 2015. New methodology for constructing real estate price indices applied to the Singapore residential market.Journal of Banking Finance,61, pp.S121-S131. Kalotychou, E., Remolona, E.M. and Wu, E., 2014. What makes systemic risk systemic? contagion and spillovers in the international sovereign debt market. Room, R. 2017.Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS). [online] Mas.gov.sg. Available at: https://www.mas.gov.sg [Accessed 12 Aug. 2017].

Infection - Prevention and Control Hand Hygiene

Question: Discuss about the Infection, Prevention and Control for Hand Hygiene. Answer: Hand Hygiene During working with an elderly man in an old age care home, I learnt about the importance of hand hygiene. The patient was suffering from diarrhea. I noticed that many of nurses do not wash their hands after handling of the patients. However, I tried to maintain the practice of hand hygiene as it helps in infection controlling. Maintenance of the hand hygiene helps to reduce the chances of infection and such type of problems. Every time I helped the elder person in his personal care, I washed my hands as well as his hands too. It is my duty to maintain the hand hygiene to provide the best care and get the best outcome. After working in the elderly department, I gained much knowledge that will help me future. Proper use and Disposal of PPE As the patient was suffering very much, we had to provide much care to the patient. We tried to maintain the principles of the PPE use and disposal. We tried to dispose the waste properly. Kiernan (2016) opined that in the health care setting the nurses need to clean all the equipments and their hands as well as wear PPE. The use of PPE such as apron, masks and gloves are necessary in the emergency wards as well as in the general departments to avoid the harmful effects (Zone Guide, 2017). PPE helped me to provide the quality care to the elderly patients. However, after the use of the PPE, disposal is also necessary that I tried to maintain. Segregation of Linen In the health care sector, contamination may occur from the hospital linen (World Health Organization. 2014). As a professional, in the workplace, we mainly try to maintain the segregation methods. We try to maintain the cleanliness by removing the contaminated and used linen as well as removing the dirty linen. The linen, which is used, becomes contaminated. The microorganisms mainly contaminate the linen that may cause infection to the patient and harm the patient. As a nurse, I try to decontaminate the linen by heat, chemical, disinfection, mechanical and combination of heat and chemical. I try to remove the dirty linen on the daily basis and use the fresh linen for the health and safety of my patient. Disinfection of client equipment The main aim of the disinfection and sterilization in the workplace is to reduce the health hazards (Zone Guide, 2017). As the professional, we sterilize all the equipments that we use every day in the care setting for the wellbeing of the clients or service user. Moreover, we need to be careful about our own self as well as patients health. In case of meeting the goals of disinfection, the cleanliness of the equipments are necessary (World Health Organization. 2014). This can be possible via two processes such as disinfection and sterilization. I always try to sterile the instruments, I use for the patient care. Therefore, I can make my patients and clients infection free. References: Kiernan, M. (2016). Infection prevention and control.Essential Microbiology for Wound Care, 139. World Health Organization. (2014). Interim infection prevention and control guidance for care of patients with suspected or confirmed filovirus haemorrhagic fever in health-care settings, with focus on Ebola. Zone, C. P. D., Guide, S. (2017). Infection prevention and control in primary care.Sign,3531(934).

Transmission Media free essay sample

Optical Signal is carried by photon pulses through thin (8 to 10 microns) glass strands (optical fibers), light waves are produced either by Light emitting diodes (LEDs) or injection laser diode (ILD). at transmitting and receiving end, signal is converted from and reconverted to electrical form by optical modems such as an avalanche photo diode. Greater capacity: Data rates of hundreds of Gbps Smaller size amp; weight Lower attenuation Electromagnetic isolation Greater repeater spacing: 10s of km at least Immunity to corrosive materials More immune to tapping * Long-haul trunks: about 1500 km in length amp; 20,000-60,000 voice channels. undersea optical fiber * Metropolitan trunks: -about 12 km in length amp; 100,000 voice channels -underground conduits joining telephone exchanges. * Rural exchange trunks: about 40 – 160 km in length amp; less than 5000 voice channels. * Subscriber loops:- handling voice, data, image and video. * LANs: Capacity of 100 Mbps to 1 Gbps. 2- Distinguish the characteristics of optical fiber from twisted pair or coaxial cable. We will write a custom essay sample on Transmission Media or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The potential bandwidth, and hence data rate, of optical fiber is immense; data rates of 2 Gbps over tens of kilometers have been demonstrated. Compare this capability to the practical maximum of hundreds of Mbps over about 1 km for coaxial cable and just a few Mbps over 1 km or up to 100 Mbps over a few tens of meters for twisted pair. 2) Smaller size and lighter weight: Optical fibers are considerably thinner than coaxial cable or bundled twisted-pair cable-at least an order of magnitude thinner for comparable information-transmission capacity. For cramped conduits in buildings and underground along public rights-of-way, the advantage of small size is considerable. The corresponding reduction in weight reduces structural support requirements. 3) Lower attenuation: Attenuation is significantly lower for optical fiber than for coaxial cable or twisted pair and is constant over a wide range. 4) Electromagnetic isolation: Optical fiber systems are not affected by external electromagnetic fields. Thus, the system is not vulnerable to interference, impulse noise, or crosstalk. By the same token, fibers do not radiate energy, thereby causing little nterference with other equipment and thus providing a high degree of security from eavesdropping. In addition, fiber is inherently difficult to tap. 5) Greater repeater spacing: Fewer repeaters means lower cost and fewer sources of error. The performance of optical fiber systems from this point of view has been steadily improving. For example, ATamp;T has developed a fiber transmission system that achieves a data rate of 3. 5 Gbps over a distance of 318 km [PARK921 without repeaters. Coaxial and twisted-pair systems generally have repeaters every few kilometers.

‘Football Academies and the Migration of African Football Labour to Europe Essay Example

‘Football Academies and the Migration of African Football Labour to Europe Essay Example ‘Football Academies and the Migration of African Football Labour to Europe Essay ‘Football Academies and the Migration of African Football Labour to Europe Essay The migration of African players into European leagues and teams can be suggested to have negative effects upon African football (Darby, 2007). Within this essay it will try and critique the issues that Darby (2007) has concerns about. Darby (2007) identifies due to the financial superiority of the west, Africa have become the suffering nation due to such neo imperialistic behaviour. With Bale and Maguire (1994) suggesting with the dependency theory Africa have become the dependant underdevelopment state; due to the reliance of financial superiority of the west. For example the more successful teams within Europe developing new academies, to go in search of a new market in which to buy and sell product (African footballers) into higher rise football teams; thus producing more income for their team. Although Darby (2007) does mention in parts that certain academies can provide high level African athletes; the impression given is one of which the academies are set up for the sole imperialistic nature in which to produce high level athletes. Such suggestion from Darby (2007) could be associated with a hyper globalist pessimist; in that globalisation is occurring but in contrast there are things that could be done to improve matters. In connection, with suggestions from Crouch (2011) implies due to neo liberalisation, other companies (McDonalds and Nike) from the west take advantage of the raw talent (labour); that Africa provide due to its low cost and affordability. Crouch relating to Darby’s paper in that with the exploitation of different types of academies; certain associations can exploit the raw talent that Africa provides. Furthermore Darby (2007) relates to the neo-colonial importance involved with such exploitation of labour. Implications for Africa could arise with the academies producing a dependant relationship with the European countries (Klein, 1991); in relation again to economic superiority of the west, with Western football interests gaining power through the success of the European league setup. Further implications could arise from such ‘exploitation’; in association to Africa, Brazil are dealing with similar problems, due to mass exodus of skilled talent to European countries rendering Brazilian football perpetually dependent upon labour exportation (Alvito, 2007). Africa could also become dependent upon broadcasting and media

Sin and Homosexuality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Sin and Homosexuality - Essay Example Andrew Sullivan would reject ideas and opinion expressed by Cardinal Josef Ratzinger citing the examples of the Bible and Hebrews Scriptures. Homosexuality is a sin because it is unnatural for a person to have sexual relations with the same sex. This issue is stated in Leviticus: â€Å"you shall not lie with a male as with a woman; it is an abomination† (Sullivan 188). At the level of policy, Sullivan argues that the Church oppose homosexuality, which by its very nature is at odds with the norm of the procreative family, a norm which is major contribution to the civilization of humanity. The essay is an effort to make explicit this "civilizing" role of heterosexual marriage, a role recognized, emphasized, and sanctified by biblical religion. In contrast to Andrew Sullivan, Cardinal Josef Ratzinger states that homosexuality cannot be regarded as a sin because â€Å"human beings, therefore, are nothing less than the work of God himself; and in the complementarity of the sexes t hey are called to reflect the inner unity of the Creator† (Ratzinger). The church should express Christ's love and compassion toward homosexual persons, but should also uphold the vision for sexuality and marriage. Thus, Andrew Sullivan would agree with some ideas expressed by Cardinal Josef Ratzinger recognizing the difference between homosexual acts and homosexual orientation. â€Å"Persons with a homosexual orientation are not to be condemned or prosecuted, but treated with dignity, respect and compassion† (Sullivan 190). The homosexual movement is interpreted by the colloquium as part of a larger sexual agenda rooted in a destructive lack of discipline and restraint. He concludes that homosexuality is such a threat to heterosexual marriage (which does involve commitment to a common good) that society ought in every acceptable way possible discourage homosexuality. Similar to Andrew Sullivan, Cardinal Josef Ratzinger states that: "as in every moral disorder, homosexual activity prevents one's own fulfillment and happiness by acting contrary to the creative wisdom of God" (Ratzinger). The main difference between the critics is the way they use arguments and perspectives of the Scripture. Andrew Sullivan uses direct meaning of the Scripture while Cardinal Josef Ratzinger applies general concepts and views on human nature and divine nature of every person to homosexual relations. Thus, Andrew Sullivan would oppose Cardinal Josef Ratzinger because homosexual behavior odds with God's purpose for sexual union, a purpose which is revealed in Scripture. Jones defends a "high view" if Scripture which, he argues, explicitly condemns homosexuality and establishes heterosexual marriage as God's standard. Andrew Sullivan would state that a homosexual person should hide its sexual orientation because "it violates the God's plan for human sexuality" (Sullivan 188). The distinction between homosexuality as a condition of sexual predispositions and homosexual behavior becomes important. Its opposition to homosexual behavior is rooted in the interpretation of Scripture as unequivocally viewing homosexuality as immoral and is founded